Automotive vehicle heating system



April 7, 1959 F. A. RYDER v 2,830,718

AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE HEATING SYSTEM Filed Aug. 5, 1955 e e, e 4.2,880,718 I I rAUTOMOTIVE VEHICLEy HEATiNGsYsTEM Frank Aikydenglndianapolis,71nd., assignor to Stewart- ,.Warner Corporation, Chicago, lll., a Acorporation of virginiaf i i f f .i :Applicationl August ys, i955, serial 10,526,714 .s'ciaimsg(Crise-116) 'i -The present'invention relates tovvehicle heating Vsystems infwhich the source of heatfis1combustion of a fuel It is one of the objects `of the present invention' to provide a wellintegrated heating system of the combustion type foran automotivexvehicle which has important=and A` novel'virtuesnot ordinarily associatedr withheating equipmentofthistype.A

rY More specifically, it is an object of myinvention to pro- 7vide a heating Vsystemfor an automobile orsimilar vehicle of' thecombustion type which has'all ofthe followziug virtues, among'otherszf l Y It completely satisfies all heating requirements and -operatesto provide heated-air with very close regulation fatfiany desired'pre-set temperature'regardless ofthe am,

'bientftemperatureor 'the rate'at which the automotive :vehicle is moving;

:''. It can easily bek mad'e so as to'be. completely inter. .changeableCwith more'conventional hotwater heating -systems with muchof the equipment being common Vvto both systems.

For instance, 'the supply of i Ventilating fai'to the'heat exchanger is not critical, thereby making it '.po'ssible to use the Ventilating air blower and the major portion of the duct work which have been designed for :use with a hot water'heater system, substantially without ichange whenmaking a substitution;

".lUnlike most combustion heaters intended for use'in. fautomobiles, no .purge cycle is necessary. This Vmakes it possible to switchv off the heaterY along with the `engine .ignition land immediately leave the 'vehicle without the inecessity for the Ventilating air blower and the combustion .air blower continuing in operation to purge the combus, Y.

ltion system; v

The heatingfs'yster'n operates with'out'any connection to the'vehicle internal combustion engine intake manifold,

exhaust manifold, carburetor or ignition systems;

: The heater comes into operation 'instantly upon opera.y

.tion of an appropriate control switch and supplies-warm air to the space to be heated within a :matter of a few seconds; i" i i r A change in the setting ofthe air temperature thermoytemperature of the air delivered lto thev space to be heated,

`4thereby enabling'a-person occupying the heated space to :quickly arrive atan appropriate adjustment of the thermostatic controls; and

An additional object `is to accomplish all' of the above fand other'worth-while'features at aiminmum of cost and 4complexity iso as kto 1 enable `a heating system fof this v g character 'to have a wide appeal to' prospective purchasers.

;'panyins drawings l i i f: I f

Heating systems of the character now largely employed .Interference with radio operation in thevehicle is made f Ivalmost nonexistent'without the introduction Aof the usual -'complications. 'f

for automotive vehicles heat theventilatingair by passing it through a heat exchanger in heat exchange relation to Ahot water taken -from the automobile engine cooling system.- v 1 l Several well known but sometimes .not generally `appreciated disadvantages are associated with this approach to theheatingproblem'. Theyare essentially as follows:

(1) It'is difficult rtoobtain sufficient heat from aheat- .ing system of this character when the ambienttemperature is quite low and the vehicle is traveling at a comparatively high rateofspeed. This `is because the heat vlost from .the vehicle passenger compartment under,these conditions isquitegreat andalmostalways beyond the Vcapacity of .a hot water heating system of feasible size;

j i (2) Its almost impossible to obtain sufficientheat for the passenger compartment under conditonswhere the .ambient temperature is low and the vehicle is traveling at a low rateof speed or idling frequently as occurs when -the vehicle is `being drivenin city traffic, or when it is parked.- The reason forthis is that whentheengine is idlingLorwoperating at; a low rate of speed', the engine -water pump does not circulate the engine cooling medium sufficiently rapidly to satisfy ithej heat load;.

(3) Because the/cooling medium intheinternal:com `bustion engine lheats toa satisfactory temperature slowly,

"little or no heatiis available from a, hotwater heating sys- .item .oftheconventionalitype until the vehicle has been driven a` considerablezdistance. Althoughl this disadvantage is always noticeable, it is particularly apparent where the vehicle is used `for shorty trips under conditions where the vehicle1may arrive at. its destination before `fthe temperature'of the vwaternhas reached a satisfactory '-levelfor heater operatiom- (4), Usually, satisfactory operation of a hot'water heating system requires thata; high temperature thermostat ,I'be used -in the engine cooling system so as to insurefsufcient 4heat being supplied to the heat exchanger. -This in tu-rn lusually requires" the u'se of an antifreezeof the permanent type. Antifreeze solutions. or'mixtures khaving these characteristics are ordinarily `quite expensive and ,have ,certain disadvantages associated with their'use, such i as the dangerof causingiexpensive enginedamage if Nthe .antifreeze mixturer leaksinto the engine cylinders by way of afaulty gasket between thecylinder block and cylinder headsas an example., ft

l The heating systemyof the present invention operates entirely independently-of the automotive vehicle engine,

yexcepting that it is preferred-,as will appear presently; to tap into the automobile fuel;line,between the engine carburetor and the engine driven or electrically operated -fuel pump which supplies the engine.v This has' no in- Auence whatever upon engine operation, since 'the fuel requirements of a heating 'system lof the present v-cl'iaracter are extremely vsmall .as compared with those of th'e engine.- .t .istat brings-about an .almost `immediate response in thea-.f

In the drawings-n which similar characters of reference indicate similar Ypartsv throughout,

Figure lii's Vai diagrammatic representation of lthe'tnechanical aspects of an` automobile heating system-embodying features of therpresent inventioniand- Fig. 2 is an electrical circuit diagram'thereof. 1 i

Referring to jFig. -l of the drawings,.I have'indicat'ed a `duct at 10 which is connected to a source of Ventilating airr preferably `initially taken from outside the vehicle. Commonly this comprises awram type inlet positioned ,alongside the radiator ofthe vehicle and facing forwardly, or a sco-op at theftop of the cowl, either offwhich is connected .to bring outside air iintozthevehicle and.4 direct'snit into the engine compartment t o the l 'ieaterin1et duct 10. The opposite end oftheduct 10A leads tothe space, t0;be

heated and commonlytakes-the form of a transversetftube or plenum chamber 12, which extends across vthe lire wail on the passenger side thereof and has appropriate slots 'or other outlets within the space to be heated. lIn Fig. 1 of the drawings such outlet openings are indicated by the numeral 14. The plenum chamber 12 is also connected as by a branch '516 -to the inlet of a blower 18, the outlet of which is connected to 'de'froster openings 20 postioned usually -just 'finsi'de the windshield at 'the lower edge thereof. The defroster blower 18 is shown as being 'driven by an electric motor 22. Somewhere within the duct 10, or the duct work leading thereto, a Ventilating air 'blower 24, driven by an electric `motor 26, is located 'so that when the motor 26 is energized, air will be caused "t'o flow through the casing 10 and into the plenum chamber 12.

Within `the casing I have 'shown a heat exchanger '30 having a perforated burner cone 32 near one end and 'an exhaust outlet connection 34 at the other. The heat exchanger 30 is so placed that air flowing through the duct '10 is brought into heat exchange relationship thereto and is 'thus raised to a desirable temperature as will appear.

At the apex of the burner 'cone 32 the heater is Vpro- A-vided with 'a spray nozzle 36 supplied with fuel by way of 'a fuel line 38. Air for combustion is supplied by a blower 40 `which takes air into a blower housing through an atmo'spheric inlet 42 and forces it through a ccmbustion air tube 44 to a plenum chamber 46 which encloses the back of the burner cone 32, so that air entering the plenum vchamber 46 passes into the combustion space by way of yper'forations 48 appropriately formed lthrough the wall of the cone. Within the burner cone, there are a pair of fuel igniting sparking electrodes 50, one of which is grounded while the other kis connected to a lead 52 energized as will be discussed presently.

Fuel, 'ordinarily gasoline, is taken from the fuel tank 'of the automotive vehicle through the engine fuel pump 54 and thence is passed through a lter 56 to a T tting 58 one branch of which is connected to supply the float bowl bf the engine carburetor indicated at 60, while the other branch is connected to 'the intake side of a heater fuel 'pump 62. The output of the fuel pump 62 is connected through an electrically actuated `onoff valve 64 to the `'previously mentioned fuel line 38. For a reason to appear presently, the valve 64 should be placed as close .fas possible to the nozzle 36.

The engine fuel pump 54 -it is anticipated will be supplied with the vehicle and ordinarily supplies fuel on its output side at a pressure of from three to five pounds per lsquare inch. ySuch pumps usually are driven from the cam shaft of the automobile engine. There are, however, pumps for the same purpose which are electrically operated, and it will be appreciated that so far as the present invention is concerned whether the pump at 54 is cam shaft actuated or 'electrically driven is a Amatter of no consequence. The pump at 62 is preferably of the substantially constant pressure variable delivery type and may have an output pressure to the fuel nozzle 36 of vsomething of the order of 25 pounds per `square inch. It may, however, be less than this if desired. As shown, a single motor at 66 drives both the combustion air blower 150 and the fuel pump 5'2.

A thermostatic switch indicated at 68 is placed in close association with the vsurface of the heat exchanger 30 and is of the normally closed type. During ordinary operation of the heater the switch 68 remains closed, but will be sutciently heated `by conduction, by radiation or by both, depending upon the type of 4switch used, so as to lopen in the event that the surface of the heat exchanger 30 becomes hot enough to indicate a malfunctioning of the heater, such for instance as a failure in the supply of Ventilating air. vThe switch 68, therefore, serves as a safety Voverhe'at-switcl1. A second thermostatic 'switch `701is 'shown as being located within the plenum chamber 12 close to the connection between the 'plenum chamber and the duct 10. lIt is therefore 'subjected to the tem- ;perature of the Ventilating air owing into the plenum chamber 12. This thermostat "'70 'is of the normally closed manually adjustable `type and y.is Aunder the Acontrol of the occupant of the space to be heated, so that the point at which the contacts separate may be easily set so as to be anywhere within the range of say 60 F. to 250 F. Switch 70 will frequently hereafter be referred to as a cycling switch.

From the above description 'of the mechanical organization of the Vheating system, Lit will be appreciated that if the heat exchanger 30 kand the equipment directly assoeiated therewith 'are removed from t'he duct 10 and Ireplaced by a liquid to air heat exchanger o'f'the typeordinarily used in a hot water heating system, the system will function as a hot vwater heater. Thus it is possible to supply substantially all of the duct work 10, the air inlet system thereto, the plenum chamber 12, the defroster blower and ducts leading to the outlets 20 and the ventilating air blower 26-24 in an automobile and then, depending upon the customersoption, to install either ahot water heat exchanger core and the mechanism associated with the heat exchanger core or the mechanism associated with the heat exchanger 30.

The heating system and mechanism of the present invention greatly facilitates this substitution because, as will appear presently, the rate of air flow through the duct 10 is not critical, since the heat output from the 'burner lto the heat exchanger 30 is automatically adjusted without attention from the occupant to the vrate of Ventilating fair ow. The Ventilating air system can, therefore, `be designed to fit the requirements of zthe optional hot water system.

Referring now to Fig. 2 -of 'the drawings, the automobile battery is indicated at .72. One end of .this battery is grounded while the other end is connected to alea'd v74 having branches 76 and 78. The branch 76 leads through the engine ignition switch 80 to a lead having .a branch 82 for energizing the automobile :engine ignition "system, and .a branch 84 connected to a 'terminal 86. This terminal is connected by .a lead 88 to the motor 22 for op- 'erating the defroster blower 18, vthefmotor having ka switch .90 in series .therewith 'for turning the defroster Ablower' on or off.

The terminal 86 is also connected vto Ithe -movable member 92 of a three-position heater switch indicated generally by the vnumeral .94. In the position shown, the switch member 92 makes no contact and this is the 'off position for the heating system. In another positionindicated at 96 a circuit is made through the switch 9410 Sa lead 98 connected to the motor l26 and to one end of a Vrelay coil 100. The other terminals of tthe motor 26 and relay coil 100 are grounded and thus, whenever `the switch 94 energizes contact I96 .and the 'ignition switch '80 is closed, both the motor 26 and -therelay lcoil 100 will be energized.

The second contact' V102 vof the 7switch 94 `is connected through a xed resistor 104 to the lead 98 so that when the movable switch member 92 yis Vassociated with contact 102 the motor 26 will be energized by way of the `resistor 104 and therefore will run at a lower speed. Under these conditions the relay coil l100 still receives sufficient energization to close Irelay contacts 106 'associated therewith. The normally open relay contacts 106 are con nected between the previously mentioned lead '78 'anda lead indicated at 108.

The lead 108 is connected by Va branch 110 to vr'ground through the motor 66 which drives `the .fuel pump`62 and the combustion air blower 40. This branch 110 isalso connected through the contacts ofthe cyclingthermostatic switch 70 to a lead 112 which is connected in turn through the normallyclosed overheatthermostatic switch 681to'one 'end of the coil :o'f the "on-ol"valv'c -64 the other :endrb'f which is grounded. This valve :is .of the :type which .is normally 'closed 'when d'een'ergi'zed and which `opensto permit fuel flow `therethrough when energized.

A vibrating reed type circuit interrupter -is indicated assalti-s gg-L eauy' 'at 114 'andconsiis'ts of'icbilflis inlpb'siyfieio attract a vibrating tuned reed 118 .which'in the deenergized positionl makes a circuit througha contact 120." The'flead 108 Iisconnected to one end lof the coi1f116 while the other end is connected ,to the contact 120`a`nd thenee,A by -v'ay vof the reed 118, to ground; Energizing the lead`108, therefor`e,"causes vibration of thereed 1,18; The "r'eedfin vibrating comes linto contact during each'cycle withl a normally open contact 122 which is connected by wayr of leadV 124 to one end of the primary/126 ofA a step-up' ignition transformer' indicated generally by the' numeral 128; lthe other end of this primary being connected to the previously mentioned lead 112'..` Thisend iof the primary 'is 'also connected to ground through a capacitor 130i and to one' end of the transformer secondary 1.32; The other end of this secondary is co'nnected; to'the high tension spark plug lead 52 previously mentioned. "A capacitor "1`34is connected between ground and the. vibrator con? tact 122. t I. il. iA-:Capacitors 130 and2134` areprincipally forucen'taet protection and for improvement'of theperformanceef `the transformer 128. They also reduce'radio interference whichmight votherwise beproduce'd byA the making and breaking of the inductive fcir'cuitsv'during heater. operation, i YThe above described heating system 'operates inthe followingmannerz "t j K j When at'rest`relay" coil` 100 will be deenergiz'ed, land ftherefore contacts 186 will be'open. Upon closurelofjthe *ignition switch 80, so as toenergiz'e the lead82ftomthe ignition' system lof' the automobileengine and upon startf ing of the engine, no heater circuits" are energizedfso long 'as the switch-'92 and the switch 90 are in the'npositions fshown. ANow ifl it isas'Sumed that heater Aswitchblade 92 moved 'to' contact`9'6, the Ventilating fair blower'r'notor 26 will be energized as will relaycoilf100; Relay con# 't'a'cts-r 106 therebyA close and energize the vibrating mecha-V nismcomprised of the' coil '116, the contac't120` 'andfthe feed'us; 'v l `Q '1. 'Simultaneously the electric motorA 66fwill be energized by'way'of lead 110 thereby placing the ,combustioriair "blow'er'and the fuel pump in operation. If `the kteir'ipera- Ature is low, as will usually be the case when the yheater `i"s"s"tarted,`theI thermostaticcycling s`wit`ch 70v will be closed lso Ithereby energizing lead 112'.` This in turn energizes Vthe z 'fuel valve 64 by-way of the closed overheat's'witch 68. The valve is, therefore, openedfand/fuel under pressure -issupplied tolthe line '38. Simultaneously, "lead 1"12 energizes Y the primary 126 of the transformer inter;

mittently byway of lead 124,' coi1ta`ct122'andl the vibrat- 1 Under these conditions sparkingy will take place'within 'tl-le 'burner and fuel under 'pressure will be supplied to vthe nozzle 36.- yinasmuch as'combustio'n airis also lbeing Isupplied by the blower 40,' ignition' withinthe burner l will take? place substantially'inst'antanebuslyQ land since 'Ventilating air is being supplied by the fan or blower' 24, `Warm air will be distributed through the plenum chamber 'openings 14 in a rnatterof-,a-v few seconds, fsince' Athe y"mass-of the heat exchangerhis small.` Now if it is assumed that th'efcycling thermostat` 7.0 is set for a temperature of say 100 degrees, heatery opera# tion will continue at' the maximum combustionrate until the 'temperatureof the air arriving-at the plenumbham- Eber v1.2'is-l00V degrees. 1 At this point,` thermostat -70 opens, i;

'thereby deenergizing the lead 112. This in turn de'- energizes `the kfuel valve 64"and the'primary V126 "of vthe ignition transformer 128. The ignition is therefore Iturned feti, and v:fuelceasesto flowto 'the nozzle 36 :andfcomth, a'i'rl arr'ivfing .'tfltlrcylig' "thermostat 70is11s1igh1r1y below 10Q. denres.. "at, which pioint'swifchjlm will'rlpnl This linunediat'elyeyne'igize's;the lead l"1'12, the primary.l 126 of the'ignition transformer, andtheffuel ya1ve..64,f ignition and y'the' fuelI are therefore" turned on simultan'efv 'ouislyfand combustion= is reestablished'ordinarilyffwithin artsma'll'fra'ction of a second. Thison-otf lcyeleV repeats itself endlessly until the, heater'is Iturned 'off by opening 'the' switch 92vv or theengine'ignition switchutit). "yl/,hen either switchA is opened tli'ef'entire electricall ysy'sterrr for the heater will b'e ,deenergized'f includingvv the motorsA .26 'l and 66 rand 'the vrelay coil [1040i Openingl switchl92l ,will not affectoperation of'tlie defroster blower motor 22,"hoyy/L ever, which is underthe centrollfof switchm90, sinkgepurx-A heated'defroster airfisf's'pm'etimes.' usefqlj."

IIf the blower 'motore' 2.6v is` .japerating"l at 11ghei"rate 'of'speed Athan is necessary,l whichv is likely'ftobeftrueiii rnild weather, switchblade 9 2 can 'be'.shifted'to'cont" ft AA102V therebyf putting; the jr, `=.`sistor` 104 infseries lth; yentilating `air blower lmtor Thislfdoelsfnot'fatf t 'operation"of therelaycoil 100,` butfdoesfreduce; e isn'filatns' "ai 'ratei ,THe' heater. .cfsnfius' in "pratlshl as 'before ,excepting that'since4 less ,'ventilat'ing" air s bein'gf supplied the;"onfcycles of'the'burn'er' willk r tl'n ,Previously 'and thef'fff. .'ycl'e's Wlllb SQmw yt longer.' "The: temperature of the'fair arriyngjat thefplenurri chamber, "however, Vcannot sub'st'antiilly exceed fthatf which @hej thermostat ,7o is ser, 'becausewhenev'erj 'the' thermostat70'fis op'euitis 'impossible fforfthev burner 'it through the ducts to the' defrfst'er'outletsy 20,.'Y k'.'Ifl'if ing] simultaneously with' a Vho't` water 'heatingsystem'yrand usually' fs wired as sho n" so thatft'hey are deenergizedjwhe'n the ignition switchl 80 is opened.A I thearib.,.ssunieitheref fore, `that'the ignition Iswitch 80 "has"be`e'n designedltti handle a load of this magnitude. y All ofthe equipment added to the system` bythe present'inventiemlhowever, is erie'zrgizecl` directly from the battery'with the-exception of the relay coil 100, ktherebyobviating any dangerof overloading the ignition switch 80'.' Continuousopera'" n f f the motor,66,whichfsupples 'combustion air and drivesthe p urnp 462M'has,y the advantage of vmaking lfuel andcombustion "air instantly available' at thefburner without there being any neees'sityforfthe motr to come upv to speedatthe'ibeginnin'g' lof'veachy ,en'l cyclfef. There is an additional advantageii'n that since lth'efmotor y66 is not cycled on' andoff' withthe fuel valve 64Lfarn-i transformer 26, tlieielectrical'loadon the entact'sgof th'e'cycling thermostaticfswitch 70"is` mu'ch lesen.'4 Conf- Ibustion therefore is substantially instantaneously'extinl 'Ig'uished It -should be noted, howeve'nthat the lVentilating .giriy blower '24, the fuelpump 62, the combustion 'alii-blower 40,jand the vibrating' reed 118 continue-'in .'o'peration.- f f W' `Sinceeornbus'tion has been extinguished, the-temperalture'of .the 'heat exchanger 30 will rapidly l'decrease'-until rupting the transfoifrnerl primaryy circuit 'insuresfins'tant sparking a'tthe sparkvplug'at the'beginning `of e ach."u 'cyclewithout waiting for the vibratioufofthe'reed stabilize." 'f 'f A It ywill, be noted that'ftheignition transformer is energized: whenevertheuel valyeis closed, and A,is e.- 'energ'ized atthe beginning of each "fo`n7 cycle. There lis an important advantage -`associated `with thisarrangement in that such "operationgr'eatly reduces {hetendencyfof the: spark ignition system tointerfere withtheoperatidn of any radio `'equipment which rinayrberpresentj inthe vehicle.'l *Sparking' at the lieater#spark4 plug during th folmcycleslwouldproduce'noiseji,j l v equipmenhunless fairlyjelaborate arrangements werepreff vided' f for preventingl this. 4,It has been found' hou/eeen, thatdu'ring burner operation the' atmosphre' at the spatl plug gap is so highly ionized due to combustionth'at the resistance of the .sparking gap yis quite low and .therefore substantially no radio interference is produced by the .ignition system while the burner is in operation. By the expedient, therefore, of turning off the ignition When- 'ever the fuel supply to the nozzle is interrupted, the ignition system is not on during the only portion of the cycle when it is capable of producing any substantial inter- 'ference with the operation of the car radio. it is therefore unnecessary to provide elaborate lter circuits and shielding to insure satisfactory radio operation. A considerable `reduction 'in expense and complexity which would otherwise 'be associated with a heating system of vthis type is thus avoided.

Inasmuch as the spacing and the duration of the on-off cycles for the burner are determined solely by the temperature of the air at the thermostat 70, this in turn being determined principally by the heat output of the burner on the one hand and the rate of Ventilating air flow and its inlet temperature on the other hand, it will be seen that the heater s comparatively insensitive to the rate of Ventilating air ow. In fact it has been found that with a heating system of this character having a very high output (of the order of 35,000 B.t.u. per hour), the heater burner will cycle normally on most automobile heater installations designed originally for use with hot water heaters even though the fan motor 25 is deenergized, if the automobile is moving. in other words, there will Abe sucient air flow through the system due t'o the 'ramming effect alone at the Ventilating air duct inlet to prevent the heat exchanger temperature from ris- 'ing to a level at which the safety overheat switch operates. This feature is a great advantage in a system of this character, since it makes it possible for an automobile manufacturer 4to design a 'heating system of the hot water type .for the automobile and then to offer the necessary elements to convert the system to a combustion heater system 'without the necessity for revising the Ventilating air duct work. Automobiles, therefore, can be supplied by 'the factor with the Ventilating air duct work installed, including the Ventilating air blower and defroster system, 'and then the dealer at the customers option can complete the heating system by installing either a hot water core and its water connections or the mechanism as described above.

By placing the fuel valve 64 physically as close to the nozzle 36 as is feasible, very little reservoir for fuel is provided in the fuel system upstream of the valve. Whenever 'the valve is closed, therefore, fuel spray from the nozzle stops immediately and fuel does not continue to dribble from the nozzle for a considerable period as normally occurs when the valve is placed farther upstream. This is a great aid in preventing the formation of carbon deposits upon the nozzle which interfere with the spray qpattern and require a servicing operation.

Since carbon deposits upon the nozzle accumulate very slowly with the described arrangement, it is possible to cycle the burner on and o rapidly without the .necessity for servicing the heater more often than once every two or fthree years or so with normal operation.

Rapid cycling of the burner under the control of a simple infinitely adjustable thermostatic switch at 7l) results in precise regulation of the heat output of the system at any desired temperature even though the burner is never required to operate under modulated conditions. It is either full on -or full off. This is an important advantage, since it is, so far asl know, impossible to provide a modulating type burner which will operate throughout vthe wide heat output range necessary to give satisfactory performance .in an automobile installation.

inasmuch as the 'fuel valve is closed .instantly upon opening the 'engine .ignition vswitch `Si) or Athe heater .switch .92, and since no 'fuel rflows thereafter, .itis unnecessary to provide a purge cycle, rparticularly since the combustion blower will continue to supply some air as it is `coasting to a stop which will complete the combustion of vany residual fuel. It should be noted further that inasmuch as the heater is turned olf by deenergizing and closing the fuel valve 64, there is .no possibility of the engine pump 5dforcing fuel through into the heater as might otherwise happen if the burner were cycled on and off by starting and stopping the motor 66 rather than by opening and closing the fuel valve 64.

It is not neccessary that fuel be taken for the heating system from a point between the engine pump 54 and the carburetor 60. If desired, the fuel can be taken directly from the fuel tank or from any place in the fuel system between the fuel tank and the carburetor. It is convenient, however, to obtain the fuel from the place indicated and it has the advantage that it can be assumed that the system for feeding fuel to the engine carburetor has been carefully designed by the automobile manufacturer so as to avoid the probability of vapor collecting in the fuel line. Such vapor bubbles when they are present, ordinarily are found on the low pressure side of the engine driven pump S4, since downstream of the pump the pressure of three to five pounds per square inch usually prevents the possibility of vaporization .in an ordinary automobile engine installation. Therefore, by extracting fuel at a place where it is already under a pressure of three to five pounds per square inch, yfrom a fuel system which can be considered as being Well engineered up to that point, the possibility of obtaining bubbles in the fuel line to the heater is obviated without resort to expensive engineering in conjunction with each different model of automobile with which it is desired to use heating equipment of the type described. The heating system, therefore, can be installed rather freely in almost any automobile of the modern type with assurance that it will operate satisfactorily.

If the user of this system wishes the ultimate in simplicity of operation, he may close switch 92--96 at the beginning of the cold weather season and set the thermostat 70 at a comfortable level. Thereafter the heating system will be turned on and off automatically whenever the engine ignition switch is respectively turned 0n and off.

From the above description of a preferred embodiment of my invention it will be appreciated that variations from the structure shown may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention and that the scope of the invention is to be measured by the scope of the following claims.

Having described vmy invention, what I claim is new and useful and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

l. ln a vehicle heating system, means forming a burner and heat exchanger, said heat exchanger having a gas passage connected to said burner to receive hot products of combustion therefrom, means forming an exhaust conduit also connected to said gas passage, said heat exchanger providing a Ventilating air passage in heat exchange relation to said gas passage, a irst blower means connected for delivering air to said Ventilating air passage, hot air conduit means connected to said Ventilating air passage to receive heated air therefrom, a manually adjustable 'thermostat positioned to be sensitive to the temperature of the air in said hot air conduit, a switch actuated by said thermostat, said burner having a nozzle positioned for delivering liquid fuel into said burner= a primarysecondary transformer type spark ignition system for said burner adapted to provide sparking therein when interrupted current is supplied to the primary circuit thereof, said primary circuit including a vibrating circuit making and breaking contact, means adapted when energized 'for vibrating said contact, ,means forming a fuel passage, pumping means connected to supply liquid fuel `under pressure to said fuel passage, said fuel passage being connected to deliver fuel to said nozzle, an electrically actuated valve insaid fuel passage between said Ipumping ineans and said nozzle," said valve being adapted tov open Awhen energized and to'closerwhen 'deenergized, a second tglnwer means connected to supply air for combustion to Ysaid burner, a` cycling electric lcircuit Lincluding vsaid thermostat actuated switch connected for energizingsaid fuel valve and saidignition system primary circuit yby'vtvay of said contact simultaneously whenever the temperature ofsaid thermostat drops substantially belowa'preset `temperature and for deenergizing said ignition system` primary t circuit and said fuel valve simultaneously wheneventhe temperatureI of said thermostat risesW substantially v'above said 4preset temperature, a heater on-'off switch, means for energizing said contact vibrating means and for operating saidrstandsecond blowermeans and said pumping means all continuously when saidheater switch is in the on position, means for energizing said cycling electric circuit whensaidheater switch is` in the ongpositiom said manually adjustable thermostat being adapted tov be setonly to temperatureshwithin the range of normal heater operation, a safety thermostatic switch adaptedV to` he heated by said heat exchanger, ,saidl safety thermostatic switchvtbeingrconnected to deenergize said fuel valve if saidsafety thermostatic switch `is heated to a certainctemperature, said certain temperature being above the normal range of heater operation.

2. In a vehicle heating system, means forming a burner and.,heat exchanger, said heat exchanger having a gas passage connected to said burner to receive hot products of combusion therefrom, means forming an exhaust conduit also connected to said gas passage, said heat exchanger providing a Ventilating air passage in heat exchange relation to said gas passage, a first blower means connected for delivering air to said Ventilating air passage, hot air conduit means connected to said Ventilating air passage to receive heated air therefrom, a manually adjustable thermostat positioned to be sensitive to the temperature of the air in said hot air conduit, a switch actuated by said thermostat, said burner having a nozzle positioned for delivering liquid fuel into said burner, a spark ignition transformer for said burner adapted to provide substantially continuous sparking therein whenever said ignition transformer is energized, an interrupter circuit for said transformer, means forming a fuel passage, pumping means connected to supply liquid fuel under pressure to said fuel passage, said fuel passage being connected to deliver fuel to said nozzle, an electrically actuated valve in said fuel passage between said pumping means and said nozzle positioned immediately adjacent to said nozzle, said valve being adapted to open when energized and to close when deenergized, a second blower means connected to supply air for combustion to said burner, a cycling electric circuit including said thermostat actuated switch connected for energizing said fuel valve and said ignition transformer interrupter circuit simultaneously whenever the temperature of said thermostat drops substantially below a preset temperature and for deenergizing said ignition transformer interrupter circuit and said fuel valve simultaneously Whenever the temperature of said thermostat rises substantially above said preset temperature, means for operating said iirst and second blower means and said pumping means continuously during operation of said heating system, means for energizing said cycling electric circuit and for operating the interrupter in said interrupter circuit continuously during operation of said heating system, said manually adjustable thermostat being adapted to be set only to temperatures within the range of normal heater operation, a safety thermostatic switch adapted to be heated by said heat exchanger, said safety thermostatic switch being connected to deenergize said fuel valve if said safety thermostatic switch is heated to a certain temperature, said certain temperature being above the normal range of heater operation.

3. In a vehicle heating system, means forming a burnerA and heat exchanger, said heat exchanger having a gas adjacent to said nozzle, said valve being adapted `tcgfofpen l0 passage connected to said burner to"eceivefhofpiidiiet of combustion therefrom, means forming anexhaiist c 'i duit also connected to'said gas passage, saidlheat i changer providing a Ventilating air passage 'in "heatl eitjc'hange' relation to said gas passage, 'a first blower lmeans connected for delivering air tor saidve'ntilating airffpas sage,lhot air vconduit means connected to saidventilati ving airpassage to receive heated air therefrom, 'a manf ually adjustable thermostat positioned to be sensitive 'to the temperature of the 'air in` said hot air" conduit,`,a switch actuated by said `thermostat',"said burnerl having a nozzle positioned for delivering 'liquid fuel into 'said burner, a primary-secondary typelspark ignition'fsystem for said burnerqadapted to provide sparking'therein'wha interrupted current is supplied 'to the primary circuit thereof, said primary circuit including a'vibratingwicircui't making and breaking contact, means adapted when'e'ne'r gi'zedforvibrating said contact, means forming a nel passage, pumping means connected to supply liquid f l underA pressure to said fuel passage, said` fuel' zpassagii being connected to deliver fuel to said nozzle, aniel'eyl trically actuated valve in said fuel passage Vbetween'said pumping means and said nozzle positionedimmedia'tely when energized and to closewhendeenergized, a second blower meansv connectedto supply airfo'r combustion to said burner, a cycling electric y'circuit including said thermostat actuated switch connected for energizing said fuel valve and said ignition system primary circuit simul taneously whenever the temperature of said thermostat drops substantially below a preset temperature and for deenergizing said ignition system primary circuit and said fuel valve simultaneously whenever the temperature of said thermostat rises substantially above said preset temperature, a heater on-oif switch, circuit means including branches for energizing said contact vibrating means and said cycling electric circuit and for operating said rst and second blower means and said pumping means all continuously when said heater switch is in the on position, said manually adjustable thermostat being adapted to be set only to temperatures within the range of normal heater operation, a safety thermostatic switch adapted to be heated by said heat exchanger, said safety thermostatic switch being connected to deenergize said fuel valve if said safety thermostatic switch is heated to a certain temperature, said certain temperature being above the normal range of heater operation.

4. In a vehicle heating system, means forming a burner and a heat exchanger, said heat exchanger having a gas passage connected to said burner to receive hot products of combustion therefrom, means forming an exhaust conduit also connected to said gas passage, said heat exchanger providing an air passage in heat exchange relation to said gas passage, means for delivering air to said air passage, hot air conduit means connected to said air passage to receive heated air therefrom, thermostatic switch means positioned to be responsive to the temperature of the air in said hot air conduit, said burner having a nozzle positioned for delivering liquid fuel into said burner, a spark ignition system including circuit interrupter means for said burner adapted to provide sparking therein, means forming a fuel passage connected to said nozzle, pumping means connected to supply liquid fuel under pressure to said fuel passage and to said nozzle,.an electrically controlled valve in said fuel passage between said pumping means and said nozzle, said valve being adapted to open when energized and to close when deenergized, blower means connected to supply air for combustion to said burner, a cycling electric circuit including said thermostatic switch means connected for energizing said fuel valve and said ignition system whenever the temperature of the air in said hot air conduit drops below a predetermined value and for deenergizing said fuel valve and said ignition system lll whenever the temperature of the air in said hot air conduit rises substantially above said predetermined temperature, a heater on-off switch, and circuit means including branches for operating said circuit interrupter means in said cycling electric circuit and for operating said blower means continuously when said heater switch is in the on position.

5. In a vehicle heating system, means forming a burner and a heat exchanger, said heat exchanger having a gas passage connected to said burner to receive hot products of combustion therefrom, means forming an exhaust conduit also connected to said gas passage, said heat exchanger providing an air passage in heat exchange relation to said gas passage, means for delivering air to said air passage, hot air conduit means connected to said air passage to receive heated air therefrom, thermostatic switch means positioned to be responsive to the temperature of the air in said hot air conduit, said burner having a nozzle positioned for delivering liquid fuel into said burner, a spark ignition system for said burner adapted to provide sparking therein, said spark ignition system including a circuit having an interrupter therein, means forming a fuel passage connected to said nozzle, pumping means connected to supply liquid fuel under pressure to said fuel passage and to said nozzle, a valve in said fuel passage between said pumping means and said nozzle, said valve being adapted to open when actuated and to close when deactuated, blower means connected to supply air for combustion to said burner, a cycling electric circuit including said .thermostatic switch means connected for actuating said fuel valve and energizing said ignition system circuit whenever the temperature of the air in said hot air conduit drops below a predetermined value and for deactuating said fuel valve and deenergizing said ignition system circuit whenever the temperature of the air in said hot air conduit rises substantially above said predetermined temperature, a heater on-oi switch, and circuit means including branches for operating said circuit interrupter and said blower means continuously when said heater switch is inv the on position.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNlTED STATES PATENTS 2,263,098 Mueller Nov. 18, 194'1 2,308,887 McCollum Jan. 19, 1943 2,308,888 McCollum `lan. 19, 1943 2,473,372 Hess et al. June 14, 1949 2,482,565 Tramontini Sept. 20, 1949 2,582,827 Gibson Jan. 15, 1952 2,588,349 Dusek et al Mar. 11, 1952 2,596,290 Ryder et al. May 13, 1952 FORElGN PATENTS 474,065 Canada May 29, 1951 

